Classification of Electronics

Electronics is Mainly  Classified in 3 Brances which is written under and Others are like Optoelectronics , Semiconductor , Ic and Designing of Electronics circuit as well as devices.  

1. Analog Electronics
2. Digital Electronics
3. MicroElectronics

   

Analog Electronics are Electronic systems with a continuously variable signal , The Term Analog  describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signals .

Digital Electronics  are Electronics that handle Digital signals

Discrete bands of analog levels Rather than by continuous ranges . All levels within a band of values represent the same numeric value.

 Because of this Discretization, Relatively small changes to the analog signal levels due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or parasitic noise do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.

In most cases, the number of these states is two, and they are represented by two voltage bands: one near a reference value (Ground or zero volts), and the other a value near the supply voltage . These correspond to the false(0) and true (1) values of the Boolean domain respectively Which Named Binary code.

Digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.

Digital electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic gates, simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions

Microelectronics is a subfield of Electronics. As the name suggests, microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture  of very small electronic designs and components. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. Many components of normal electronic design are available in a microelectronic equivalent.

These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, insulators and conductors can all be found in microelectronic devices. Unique wiring techniques such as wire bonding are also often used in microelectronics because of the unusually small size of the components, leads and pads. This technique requires specialized equipment and it's very expensive.

Digital integrated circuits  consist mostly of transistors. Analog circuits commonly contain resistors and capacitors as well. Inductors are used in some high frequency analog circuits, but tend to occupy large chip area if used at low frequencies .

As techniques improve, the scale of microelectronic components continues to decrease. At smaller scales, the relative impact of intrinsic circuit properties such as interconnections may become more significant.  And The goal of the microelectronics design engineer is to find ways to compensate for or to minimize these effects, while always delivering smaller, faster, and cheaper devices .

 The use of microelectronics has made digital devices cheap and widely available.

Analog vs Digital Electronics

Since the information is encoded differently in Analog and Digital Electronics, the way they process a signal is consequently different. All operations that can be performed on an analogue signal such as amplification, filtering, limiting, and others, can also be duplicated in the digital domain. Every digital circuit is also an analogue circuit, in that the behaviour of any digital circuit can be explained using the rules of analogue circuits.