Electronics is Mainly Classified in 3 Brances which is written under and Others are like Optoelectronics , Semiconductor , Ic and Designing of Electronics circuit as
well as devices.
- Analog Electronics
- Digital Electronics
- MicroElectronics
Analog Electronics are Electronic systems
with a continuously variable
signal , The Term Analog describes the
proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that
represents the signals .
Digital Electronics are Electronics that handle Digital signals
Discrete bands of analog levels Rather
than by continuous ranges . All levels within a band of values represent the
same numeric value.
Because of this Discretization, Relatively small changes to the analog signal levels
due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or parasitic noise do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are
ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.
In most cases, the number of these states
is two, and they are represented by two voltage bands: one near a reference
value (Ground or zero volts), and the other a value near the supply voltage .
These correspond to the false(0) and true (1) values of the Boolean domain respectively Which Named Binary code.
Digital techniques are useful because
it is easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of
known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.
Digital electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic gates, simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions
Microelectronics is a subfield of Electronics. As the name suggests,
microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture of very small electronic designs and components.
These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. Many components of normal electronic design
are available in a microelectronic equivalent.
These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, insulators and conductors can all
be found in microelectronic devices. Unique wiring techniques such as wire bonding are also often used in microelectronics because of the
unusually small size of the components, leads and pads. This technique requires
specialized equipment and it's very expensive.
Digital integrated circuits consist mostly of transistors. Analog circuits
commonly contain resistors and capacitors as well. Inductors are used in some
high frequency analog circuits, but tend to occupy large chip area if used at
low frequencies .
As techniques improve, the scale of
microelectronic components continues to decrease. At smaller scales, the
relative impact of intrinsic circuit properties such as interconnections may
become more significant. And The goal of
the microelectronics design engineer is to find ways to compensate for or to
minimize these effects, while always delivering smaller, faster, and cheaper
devices .
The use of microelectronics has made digital devices cheap and widely available.
Analog vs Digital Electronics
Since the information is encoded
differently in Analog and Digital Electronics,
the way they process a signal is consequently different. All operations that
can be performed on an analogue signal such as amplification, filtering, limiting, and others, can also be duplicated in the
digital domain. Every digital circuit is also an analogue circuit, in that the
behaviour of any digital circuit can be explained using the rules of analogue
circuits.
